publications

2026

1. Phil Trans B

   Social structure shapes consensus decision-making norms in small-scale societies

   Bhavya Deepti Vadavalli, Zachary H. Garfield, and Luke Glowacki

   Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 2026

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   @article{vadavalli2026social,
     title = {Social structure shapes consensus decision-making norms in small-scale societies},
     author = {Vadavalli, Bhavya Deepti and Garfield, Zachary H. and Glowacki, Luke},
     journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B},
     volume = {381},
     number = {1948},
     year = {2026},
     publisher = {The Royal Society},
     doi = {10.1098/rstb.2024.0449},
   }

2. Evol Hum Behav

   Coalitions matter for both men and women: Insights from three subsistence communities in southwest Ethiopia

   Maud Mouginot, Zachary H. Garfield, and Luke Glowacki

   Evolution and Human Behavior, 2026

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   @article{mouginot2026coalitions,
     title = {Coalitions matter for both men and women: Insights from three subsistence communities in southwest Ethiopia},
     author = {Mouginot, Maud and Garfield, Zachary H. and Glowacki, Luke},
     journal = {Evolution and Human Behavior},
     volume = {47},
     number = {4},
     pages = {106882},
     year = {2026},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     doi = {10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2026.106882},
   }

3. Evol Hum Behav

   The meanings and dividends of man the hunter

   Vivek V. Venkataraman, Edward H. Hagen, Duncan Stibbard-Hawkes, and 8 more authors

   Evolution and Human Behavior, 2026

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   @article{venkataraman2026meanings,
     title = {The meanings and dividends of man the hunter},
     author = {Venkataraman, Vivek V. and Hagen, Edward H. and Stibbard-Hawkes, Duncan and Hames, Raymond and Lew-Levy, Sheina and Jang, Haneul and Glowacki, Luke and Hoffman, Jordie and Kramer, Karen and Davis, Helen Elizabeth and others},
     journal = {Evolution and Human Behavior},
     volume = {47},
     number = {3},
     pages = {106840},
     year = {2026},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     doi = {10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2026.106840},
   }

2025

1. Hum Nat

   The multi-capital leadership theory: An integrative framework for human leadership diversity

   Zachary H. Garfield, Christopher R. Rueden, and Edward H. Hagen

   Human Nature, 2025

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   @article{garfield2025multi,
     title = {The multi-capital leadership theory: An integrative framework for human leadership diversity},
     author = {Garfield, Zachary H. and von Rueden, Christopher R. and Hagen, Edward H.},
     journal = {Human Nature},
     volume = {36},
     number = {3},
     pages = {424--459},
     year = {2025},
     publisher = {Springer},
     doi = {10.1007/s12110-025-09503-y},
   }

2. Nat Commun

   Teaching is associated with the transmission of opaque culture and leadership across 23 egalitarian hunter-gatherer societies

   Zachary H. Garfield and Sheina Lew-Levy

   Nature Communications, 2025

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   @article{garfield2025teaching,
     title = {Teaching is associated with the transmission of opaque culture and leadership across 23 egalitarian hunter-gatherer societies},
     author = {Garfield, Zachary H. and Lew-Levy, Sheina},
     journal = {Nature Communications},
     volume = {16},
     number = {1},
     pages = {3387},
     year = {2025},
     publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
     doi = {10.1038/s41467-025-58764-9},
   }

3. Evol Hum Behav

   Headmen, shamans, and mothers: Natural and sexual selection for computational services

   Edward H. Hagen, Zachary H. Garfield, and Aaron D. Lightner

   Evolution and Human Behavior, 2025

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   @article{hagen2025headmen,
     title = {Headmen, shamans, and mothers: Natural and sexual selection for computational services},
     author = {Hagen, Edward H. and Garfield, Zachary H. and Lightner, Aaron D.},
     journal = {Evolution and Human Behavior},
     volume = {46},
     number = {1},
     pages = {106651},
     year = {2025},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     doi = {10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.106651},
   }

4. Evol Hum Behav

   Legacy and constraint in the evolution of human culture

   Zachary H. Garfield

   Evolution and Human Behavior, 2025

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   @article{garfield2025legacy,
     title = {Legacy and constraint in the evolution of human culture},
     author = {Garfield, Zachary H.},
     journal = {Evolution and Human Behavior},
     volume = {46},
     number = {5},
     pages = {106714},
     year = {2025},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     doi = {10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2025.106714},
   }

5. Curr Anthropol

   Limited cross-cultural methods undermine claims of universal “dual foundations” in political ideology: Comment on Lavender Forsyth et al. (2025)

   Zachary H. Garfield

   Current Anthropology, 2025

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   @article{garfield2025limited,
     title = {Limited cross-cultural methods undermine claims of universal ``dual foundations'' in political ideology: Comment on Lavender Forsyth et al. (2025)},
     author = {Garfield, Zachary H.},
     journal = {Current Anthropology},
     volume = {66},
     number = {3},
     year = {2025},
     publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
     doi = {10.1086/735619},
   }

6. Evol Hum Behav

   Cross-cultural evidence that intergroup conflict heightens preferences for dominant leaders: A 25-country study

   Lasse Laustsen, Xiaotian Sheng, M. Ghufran Ahmad, and 8 more authors

   Evolution and Human Behavior, 2025

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   @article{laustsen2025cross,
     title = {Cross-cultural evidence that intergroup conflict heightens preferences for dominant leaders: A 25-country study},
     author = {Laustsen, Lasse and Sheng, Xiaotian and Ahmad, M. Ghufran and Al-Shawaf, Laith and Banai, Benjamin and Banai, Irena Pavela and Barlev, Michael and Bastardoz, Nicolas and Bor, Alexander and Cheng, Joey T. and others},
     journal = {Evolution and Human Behavior},
     volume = {46},
     number = {3},
     pages = {106674},
     year = {2025},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     doi = {10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2025.106674},
   }

2024

1. Phil Trans B

   Cross-societal variation in norm enforcement systems

   Catherine Molho, Francesca De Petrillo, Zachary H. Garfield, and 1 more author

   Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 2024

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   @article{molho2024cross,
     title = {Cross-societal variation in norm enforcement systems},
     author = {Molho, Catherine and De Petrillo, Francesca and Garfield, Zachary H. and Slewe, Sam},
     journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B},
     volume = {379},
     number = {1897},
     year = {2024},
     publisher = {The Royal Society},
     doi = {10.1098/rstb.2023.0034},
   }

2. Oxford Handbook

   Leadership as an emotional process: An evolutionarily informed perspective

   Sirio Lonati, Zachary H. Garfield, Nicolas Bastardoz, and 1 more author

   In The Oxford Handbook of Evolution and the Emotions, 2024

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   @incollection{lonati2024leadership,
     title = {Leadership as an emotional process: An evolutionarily informed perspective},
     author = {Lonati, Sirio and Garfield, Zachary H. and Bastardoz, Nicolas and von Rueden, Christopher R.},
     booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Evolution and the Emotions},
     year = {2024},
     publisher = {Oxford University Press},
     doi = {10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544754.013.33},
   }

3. Social substitutability across features of human socioecology

   Grégory Fiorio and Zachary H. Garfield

   2024

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   @misc{fiorio2024social,
     title = {Social substitutability across features of human socioecology},
     author = {Fiorio, Gr{\'e}gory and Garfield, Zachary H.},
     year = {2024},
     publisher = {OSF Preprints},
     url = {https://osf.io/preprints/osf/kt5ws},
     doi = {10.31219/osf.io/kt5ws},
   }

4. Decision-making expertise, intelligence, and social alliances are associated with conflict resolution skills among recently settled Ethiopian hunter-gatherers

   Zachary H. Garfield and Edward H. Hagen

   2024

   DOI Bib HTML

   @misc{garfield2024decision,
     title = {Decision-making expertise, intelligence, and social alliances are associated with conflict resolution skills among recently settled Ethiopian hunter-gatherers},
     author = {Garfield, Zachary H. and Hagen, Edward H.},
     year = {2024},
     publisher = {PsyArXiv Preprints},
     doi = {10.31234/osf.io/gxh92},
   }

2023

1. Evol Hum Sci

   Norm violations and punishments across human societies

   Zachary H. Garfield, Erik J. Ringen, William Buckner, and 3 more authors

   Evolutionary Human Sciences, 2023

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   @article{garfield2023norm,
     title = {Norm violations and punishments across human societies},
     author = {Garfield, Zachary H. and Ringen, Erik J. and Buckner, William and Medupe, Dithapelo and Wrangham, Richard W. and Glowacki, Luke},
     journal = {Evolutionary Human Sciences},
     volume = {5},
     pages = {e11},
     year = {2023},
     publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
     doi = {10.1017/ehs.2023.7},
   }

2. Evol Hum Behav

   Interpersonal conflicts and third-party mediation in a pastoralist society

   Zachary H. Garfield and Luke Glowacki

   Evolution and Human Behavior, 2023

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   @article{garfield2023interpersonal,
     title = {Interpersonal conflicts and third-party mediation in a pastoralist society},
     author = {Garfield, Zachary H. and Glowacki, Luke},
     journal = {Evolution and Human Behavior},
     volume = {44},
     number = {6},
     pages = {613--623},
     year = {2023},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     doi = {10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.10.003},
   }

2022

1. Nat Hum Behav

   Evidence for third-party mediation but not punishment in Mentawai justice

   Manvir Singh and Zachary H. Garfield

   Nature Human Behaviour, 2022

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   @article{singh2022evidence,
     title = {Evidence for third-party mediation but not punishment in Mentawai justice},
     author = {Singh, Manvir and Garfield, Zachary H.},
     journal = {Nature Human Behaviour},
     volume = {6},
     number = {7},
     pages = {930--940},
     year = {2022},
     publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
     doi = {10.1038/s41562-022-01341-7},
   }

2. Curr Biol

   Hunter-gatherer genomes reveal diverse demographic trajectories during the rise of farming in Eastern Africa

   Shyamalika Gopalan, Richard E. W. Berl, Justin W. Myrick, and 8 more authors

   Current Biology, 2022

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   @article{gopalan2022hunter,
     title = {Hunter-gatherer genomes reveal diverse demographic trajectories during the rise of farming in Eastern Africa},
     author = {Gopalan, Shyamalika and Berl, Richard E. W. and Myrick, Justin W. and Garfield, Zachary H. and Reynolds, Austin W. and Bafens, Barnabas K. and Belbin, Gillian and Mastoras, Mira and Williams, Cole and Daya, Michelle and others},
     journal = {Current Biology},
     volume = {32},
     number = {8},
     pages = {1852--1860},
     year = {2022},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.050},
   }

3. RBB

   Religion: The WEIRDest concept in the world?

   Aaron D. Lightner, Zachary H. Garfield, and Edward H. Hagen

   Religion, Brain & Behavior, 2022

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   @article{lightner2022religion,
     title = {Religion: The WEIRDest concept in the world?},
     author = {Lightner, Aaron D. and Garfield, Zachary H. and Hagen, Edward H.},
     journal = {Religion, Brain \& Behavior},
     volume = {12},
     number = {3},
     pages = {290--298},
     year = {2022},
     publisher = {Routledge},
     doi = {10.1080/2153599X.2021.1991460},
   }

2021

1. Phil Trans B

   The content and structure of reputation domains across human societies: A view from the evolutionary social sciences

   Zachary H. Garfield, Ryan Schacht, Emily R. Post, and 3 more authors

   Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 2021

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   @article{garfield2021content,
     title = {The content and structure of reputation domains across human societies: A view from the evolutionary social sciences},
     author = {Garfield, Zachary H. and Schacht, Ryan and Post, Emily R. and Ingram, Dominique and Uehling, Andrea and Macfarlan, Shane J.},
     journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B},
     volume = {376},
     number = {1838},
     pages = {20200296},
     year = {2021},
     publisher = {The Royal Society},
     doi = {10.1098/rstb.2020.0296},
   }

2. Evol Hum Sci

   Correlates of conflict resolution across cultures

   Zachary H. Garfield

   Evolutionary Human Sciences, 2021

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   @article{garfield2021correlates,
     title = {Correlates of conflict resolution across cultures},
     author = {Garfield, Zachary H.},
     journal = {Evolutionary Human Sciences},
     volume = {3},
     pages = {e45},
     year = {2021},
     publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
     doi = {10.1017/ehs.2021.41},
   }

2020

1. Evol Hum Behav

   Universal and variable leadership dimensions across human societies

   Zachary H. Garfield, Kristen L. Syme, and Edward H. Hagen

   Evolution and Human Behavior, 2020

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   @article{garfield2020universal,
     title = {Universal and variable leadership dimensions across human societies},
     author = {Garfield, Zachary H. and Syme, Kristen L. and Hagen, Edward H.},
     journal = {Evolution and Human Behavior},
     volume = {41},
     number = {5},
     pages = {397--414},
     year = {2020},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     doi = {10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2020.07.012},
   }

2. Leadersh Q

   Investigating evolutionary models of leadership among recently settled Ethiopian hunter-gatherers

   Zachary H. Garfield and Edward H. Hagen

   The Leadership Quarterly, 2020

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   @article{garfield2020investigating,
     title = {Investigating evolutionary models of leadership among recently settled Ethiopian hunter-gatherers},
     author = {Garfield, Zachary H. and Hagen, Edward H.},
     journal = {The Leadership Quarterly},
     volume = {31},
     number = {2},
     pages = {101290},
     year = {2020},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     doi = {10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.03.005},
   }

2019

1. Hum Nat

   Evolutionary models of leadership: Tests and synthesis

   Zachary H. Garfield, Robert L. Hubbard, and Edward H. Hagen

   Human Nature, 2019

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   @article{garfield2019evolutionary,
     title = {Evolutionary models of leadership: Tests and synthesis},
     author = {Garfield, Zachary H. and Hubbard, Robert L. and Hagen, Edward H.},
     journal = {Human Nature},
     volume = {30},
     number = {1},
     pages = {23--58},
     year = {2019},
     publisher = {Springer},
     doi = {10.1007/s12110-019-09338-4},
   }

2. Leadersh Q

   The evolutionary anthropology of political leadership

   Zachary H. Garfield, Christopher R. Rueden, and Edward H. Hagen

   The Leadership Quarterly, 2019

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   @article{garfield2019review,
     title = {The evolutionary anthropology of political leadership},
     author = {Garfield, Zachary H. and von Rueden, Christopher R. and Hagen, Edward H.},
     journal = {The Leadership Quarterly},
     volume = {30},
     number = {1},
     pages = {59--80},
     year = {2019},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     doi = {10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.09.001},
   }

3. Leadership, prestige, and social learning across traditional societies

   Zachary H. Garfield

   2019

2017

1. Arch Sex Behav

   Is male androphilia a context-dependent cross-cultural universal?

   Raymond Hames, Zachary H. Garfield, and Melissa J. Garfield

   Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2017

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   @article{hames2017male,
     title = {Is male androphilia a context-dependent cross-cultural universal?},
     author = {Hames, Raymond and Garfield, Zachary H. and Garfield, Melissa J.},
     journal = {Archives of Sexual Behavior},
     volume = {46},
     number = {1},
     pages = {63--71},
     year = {2017},
     publisher = {Springer},
     doi = {10.1007/s10508-016-0855-7},
   }

2. Men’s egoistic dominant acts

   Zachary H. Garfield

   In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 2017

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   @incollection{garfield2017men,
     title = {Men's egoistic dominant acts},
     author = {Garfield, Zachary H.},
     booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science},
     year = {2017},
     publisher = {Springer},
     doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2614-1},
   }

3. Women’s prosocial dominant acts

   Zachary H. Garfield and Melissa J. Garfield

   In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 2017

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   @incollection{garfield2017women,
     title = {Women's prosocial dominant acts},
     author = {Garfield, Zachary H. and Garfield, Melissa J.},
     booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science},
     year = {2017},
     publisher = {Springer},
     doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2613-1},
   }

4. Dominant acts expressed (Buss 1981)

   Zachary H. Garfield

   In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 2017

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   @incollection{garfield2017dominant,
     title = {Dominant acts expressed (Buss 1981)},
     author = {Garfield, Zachary H.},
     booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science},
     year = {2017},
     publisher = {Springer},
     doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2612-2},
   }

2016

1. Evol Hum Behav

   Testing the bargaining vs. inclusive fitness models of suicidal behavior against the ethnographic record

   Kristen L. Syme, Zachary H. Garfield, and Edward H. Hagen

   Evolution and Human Behavior, 2016

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   @article{syme2016testing,
     title = {Testing the bargaining vs. inclusive fitness models of suicidal behavior against the ethnographic record},
     author = {Syme, Kristen L. and Garfield, Zachary H. and Hagen, Edward H.},
     journal = {Evolution and Human Behavior},
     volume = {37},
     number = {3},
     pages = {179--192},
     year = {2016},
     publisher = {Elsevier},
     doi = {10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.10.005},
   }

2. A cross-cultural analysis of hunter-gatherer social learning

   Zachary H. Garfield, Melissa J. Garfield, and Barry S. Hewlett

   In Social Learning and Innovation in Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers: Evolutionary and Ethnographic Perspectives, 2016

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   @incollection{garfield2016cross,
     title = {A cross-cultural analysis of hunter-gatherer social learning},
     author = {Garfield, Zachary H. and Garfield, Melissa J. and Hewlett, Barry S.},
     booktitle = {Social Learning and Innovation in Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers: Evolutionary and Ethnographic Perspectives},
     pages = {19--34},
     year = {2016},
     publisher = {Springer Japan},
     doi = {10.1007/978-4-431-55997-9_2},
   }

2014

1. Arch Sex Behav

   The “female fertility–social stratification–hypergyny” hypothesis of male homosexual preference: Factual, conceptual, and methodological errors

   Doug P. VanderLaan, Zachary H. Garfield, Melissa J. Garfield, and 3 more authors

   2014

   Commentary

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   @article{vanderlaan2014female,
     title = {The ``female fertility--social stratification--hypergyny'' hypothesis of male homosexual preference: Factual, conceptual, and methodological errors},
     author = {VanderLaan, Doug P. and Garfield, Zachary H. and Garfield, Melissa J. and Leca, Jean-Baptiste and Vasey, Paul L. and Hames, Raymond B.},
     year = {2014},
     note = {Commentary},
     doi = {10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.06.002},
   }